Artificial intelligence may feel weightless, but every AI query relies on vast physical infrastructure consuming enormous amounts of electricity. Here’s how much energy ChatGPT actually uses, why AI workloads demand so much power, and what the rapid growth of AI data centres means for the future of global energy systems.

Data centre energy consumption is accelerating faster than renewables can keep up. From the 415 terawatt hours already being consumed annually, to water shortages in small American towns, to Big Tech's nuclear pivot, this piece maps the full environmental cost of the AI infrastructure boom and asks who is really paying for it.

Europe’s renewable expansion is lowering the cost of electricity generation, but retail electricity prices remain high. This article explains why grid constraints, system balancing costs, and market design now matter more than generation costs in determining what consumers actually pay.

Falling renewable energy costs have not translated into lower electricity prices because electricity bills reflect the full system, not just generation. Grid expansion, integration costs, demand growth, and market design all shape final prices. This article explains why cheaper solar and wind do not automatically lead to cheaper electricity for consumers.